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MERGE non-standard behaviour, accepts multiple matches [CORE2274] #2700

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firebird-automations opened this issue Jan 13, 2009 · 10 comments
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@firebird-automations
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Submitted by: @paulvink

Relate to CORE4824

Votes: 2

If the WHEN MATCHED clause is present and a record in the target table matches multiple records in the source, an exception should be raised ("cardinality violation").

Firebird's behaviour is to execute the UPDATE for every match found, each one of them overwriting the previous one, wasting resources and giving an unpredictable result (i.e., you don't know which of the source records will eventually determine the outcome).

Commits: b7c00f7 9cf05fc FirebirdSQL/fbt-repository@0c84d93

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Modified by: @dyemanov

assignee: Adriano dos Santos Fernandes [ asfernandes ]

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Modified by: @hvlad

assignee: Adriano dos Santos Fernandes [ asfernandes ] => Vlad Khorsun [ hvlad ]

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Modified by: @hvlad

status: Open [ 1 ] => Resolved [ 5 ]

resolution: Fixed [ 1 ]

Fix Version: 4.0 RC 1 [ 10930 ]

@firebird-automations
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Commented by: @hvlad

Note, MERGE is still allows multiple updates of the "same" row if merge-target is a triggers-updatable VIEW.
In this case there is no general way to correctly define "same row".

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Modified by: @pavel-zotov

status: Resolved [ 5 ] => Resolved [ 5 ]

QA Status: Done successfully

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Modified by: @pavel-zotov

status: Resolved [ 5 ] => Closed [ 6 ]

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Commented by: @pavel-zotov

I've found one example where MERGE still can change records multiple times: it happens when target is a naturally updatable VIEW declared WITH CHECK OPTION.

Consider this script:

shell del c:\temp\tmp4test.fdb 2>nul;
create database 'localhost:c:\temp\tmp4test.fdb' user 'SYSDBA' password 'masterkey';

recreate table t_payment_details(operation_id int primary key, person_id int, payment_sum int);
recreate table t_payment_totals(person_id int, payment_sum int);
recreate view v_payment_totals as select * from t_payment_totals where true with check option;
commit;

insert into t_payment_details(operation_id, person_id, payment_sum) values(0, 10, 0);
insert into t_payment_details(operation_id, person_id, payment_sum) values(1, 11, 11);
insert into t_payment_details(operation_id, person_id, payment_sum) values(2, 22, 222);
insert into t_payment_details(operation_id, person_id, payment_sum) values(3, 11, 3333);
insert into t_payment_details(operation_id, person_id, payment_sum) values(7, 17, 77777);

insert into t_payment_totals(person_id, payment_sum) values(10, 100);
insert into t_payment_totals(person_id, payment_sum) values(11, 111);
insert into t_payment_totals(person_id, payment_sum) values(22, 222);
commit;

merge into t_payment_totals t
using t_payment_details s on s.person_id = t.person_id
when NOT matched then
insert(person_id, payment_sum) values( s.person_id, s.payment_sum )
when MATCHED then
update set t.payment_sum = t.payment_sum + s.payment_sum
;

select 'after merge into TABLE' as msg, v.* from v_payment_totals v;
rollback;

merge into v_payment_totals t
using t_payment_details s on s.person_id = t.person_id
when NOT matched then
insert(person_id, payment_sum) values( s.person_id, s.payment_sum )
when MATCHED then
update set t.payment_sum = t.payment_sum + s.payment_sum
;

select 'after merge into VIEW with check option' as msg, v.* from v_payment_totals v;
quit;

Output will be:

Statement failed, SQLSTATE = 21000
Multiple source records cannot match the same target during MERGE

MSG PERSON_ID PAYMENT_SUM
====================== ============ ============
after merge into TABLE 10 100
after merge into TABLE 11 111
after merge into TABLE 22 222

/* OK, expected */

MSG PERSON_ID PAYMENT_SUM
======================================= ============ ============
after merge into VIEW with check option 10 100
after merge into VIEW with check option 11 3444
after merge into VIEW with check option 22 444
after merge into VIEW with check option 17 77777

/* ??? */

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Commented by: @hvlad

VIEW WITH CHECK OPTION is implemented using system triggers (BEFORE INSERT and BEFORE UPDATE),
so it is non-naturally updatable (at least technically).

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Commented by: @hvlad

I was wrong, that triggers have nothing to do with UPDATE and DELETE.
Additional fix is committed, please check.

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Modified by: @hvlad

Link: This issue relate to CORE4824 [ CORE4824 ]

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